IPP
Out of curiosity, I decided to write a little IPP client library in Python. An
in-progress version can be found here.
In less than 500 lines of Python, I have an IPP message
encoder/decoder, and some higher level classes to perform a few
operations on printers and jobs. I’ve been able to successfully talk to
the following IPP servers:
- CUPS (I’ve also got a little code to perform some of the CUPS
proprietary operations). - an HP LaserJet 5100 and a 2300 — both with JetDirect 615n
(J6057A) cards. - a Lexmark Optra C710.
The following didn’t want to talk to me:
- an HP LaserJet 4V with a JetDirect 400n (J4100A) card (it seems
to always give me a client-error-bad-request response). - a Canon iR C3200. (incidentally, this printer/copier apparently
runs an embedded version of SunOS 4.1.4)
I’m probably doing something wrong for these last two, although it
is a bit difficult to work out what.
When talking to CUPS, I can use the proprietary CUPS-Get-Printers
operation to list all the printers it knows about which would make it
pretty easy to provide functionality of something like gnome-print-manager:
>>> import ipplib
>>> cups = ipplib.CUPSServer('ipp://localhost/')
>>> for info in cups.get_printer_info():
... print info['printer-name'], '-', info['printer-uri-supported']
...
harryplotter - ipp://hostname/printers/harryplotter
...
>>>
Similarly, it is easy to list the jobs (pending or completed) for a
printer. I still haven’t tried out any of the operations that can
change a printer or job’s status, but in theory that should all work 🙂.
Thoughts on the protocol
While IPP uses HTTP as a transport, there is a fair bit of overlap
between what the two protocols do, such as:
- request methods/operations and response status codes.
- identification of the resource the operation is being performed
on. - IPP attributes seem quite similar to HTTP headers.
- message body mime type declarations
- compression of message bodies
Other things serve no purpose when tunneled through HTTP, such as
message sequence numbers. Apparently the reason for this is so that IPP
could in the future be sent directly using a custom protocol (in that
case, the sequence numbers would allow for pipelining of requests, and
out of order responses). However, I would be surprised if such a
protocol ever gets developed. IPP will probably continue to use HTTP as
its transport.
This does lead to complications though:
- The URI you do an HTTP POST to may differ from the URI specified
inside the IPP message. The spec says that the HTTP level URI should be
ignored. If you have ever looked at the CUPS log files, you might have
noticed that it almost always posts to “/” rather than the resource it
is acting on. To make matters more complex, some of the proprietary CUPS
operations require that you post to a different HTTP URI to the one
in the IPP message. - A request can fail at one of two levels. An IPP client will need
to detect and handle both HTTP level and IPP level error responses. In
fact, most IPP error messages will come back as “HTTP/1.1 200 OK”.
Apart from the few warts, IPP seems like a pretty nice protocol. It
is fairly easy to parse (assuming you have an http client library to
use), and is very extensible. A lot nicer than LPR 🙂.