Category: Sysprof

A decade ago I lived on the west side of Los Angeles. One of my favorite conferences was Southern California Linux Expo. Much like Karen, this is the conference where I performed my first technical talk. It’s also where I met and became friends with great people like Jono, Ted, Jeff, the fantastic organizing staff, and so many more.

I was happy to come back again this year and talk about what I’ve been working on in GNOME. The combination of Flatpak and Builder (and Sysprof).

The event was live streamed on youtube, and you can watch it here. I expect the rooms to be cut and uploaded as individual talks but I don’t know the timeline for that. I’ll update this if/when I discover that so you can youtube-dl if you prefer.

One of the great powers of namespace APIs on Linux (mount namespaces, user namespaces, etc) is that you can create a new view into the world of your computer that is very different from the host. This can make traditional profiling tools difficult.

To begin with, we need to ensure that we have access to ptrace or perf infrastructure. Easy enough, just don’t drop those privileges before calling execve(). This is the --allow=devel option to flatpak run. But after that, we need to do the detailed phase of translating instruction pointers to a function name.

Generally, the translation between an instruction pointer and a function name requires looking up what file is mapped over the address. Then you open that file with an ELF reader and locate the file containing debug information (which may be the same file). Then open that file and locate what function contains that instruction pointer. (We subtract the beginning of the map from the instruction pointer to get a relative offset).

Now, here is the trouble with mount namespaces. The “path” of the map might be something like “/newroot/usr/lib/libgtk-3.so“. Of course, “/newroot/” doesn’t actually exist.

So… what to do.

Well, we can find information about the mounts in the process by looking at /proc/$pid/mountinfo. Just look for the longest common prefix to get the translation from the mount namespace into the host. One caveat though. The translated path is relative to the root of the partition mounted. So the next step is to locate the file-system mount on the host (via /proc/mounts).

If you put this all together, you can profile and extract symbols from applications running inside of containers.

Now, most applications aren’t going to ship debug symbols with them. But we’ll need those for proper symbol extraction. So if you install the .Debug variant of a Flatpak runtime (org.gnome.Sdk.Debug for example) then we can setup symbol resolution specifically for /usr/lib/debug. Builder now does this.

I’m not sure, but I think this makes Builder and Sysprof one of the first (if not the first) profiler on Linux to support symbol extraction while profiling containerized applications from outside the container.

I’ve only tested with Flatpak, but I don’t see why this code can’t work with other tooling using mount namespaces.

First off, I’ll be in Portland at the first ever LAS giving demos and starting on Builder features for 3.24.

For a while now, you’ve been able to get Builder from the gnome-apps-nightly Flatpak repository. Until now, it had a few things that made it difficult to use. We care a whole lot about making our tooling available via Flatpak because it is going to allow us to get new code into users hands quicker, safer, and more stable.

So over the last couple of weeks I’ve dug in and really started polishing things up. A few patches in Flatpak, a few patches in Builder, and a few patches in Sysprof start getting us towards something refreshing.

Python Jedi should be working now. So you can autocomplete in Python (including GObject Introspection) to your hearts delight.

Jhbuild from within the Flatpak works quite well now. So if you have a jhbuild environment on your host, you can use the Flatpak nightly and still target your jhbuild setup.

One of the tricks to being a module maintainer is getting other people to do your work. Thankfully the magnificent Patrick Griffis came to the rescue and got polkit building inside of Flatpak. Combined with some additional Sysprof patches, we have a profiler that can run from Flatpak.

Another pain point was that the terminal was inside of a pid/mount/network namespace different than that of the host. This meant that /usr/lib was actually from the Flatpak runtime, not your system /usr/lib. This has been fixed using one of the new developer features in Flatpak.

Flatpak now supports executing programs on the host (a sandbox breakout) for applications that are marked as developer tools. For those of you building your own Flatpaks, this requires --allow=devel when running the flatpak build-finish command. Of course, one could expect UI/UX flows to make this known to the user so that it doesn’t get abused for nefarious purposes.

Now that we have access to execute a command on the host using the HostCommand method of the org.freedesktop.Flatpak.Development interface, we can piggy back to execute our shell.

The typical pty dance, performed in our program.

/* error handling excluded */
int master_fd = vte_pty_get_fd (pty);
grantpt (master_fd);
unlockpt (master_fd);
char *name = ptsname (master_fd);
int pty_fd = open (name, O_RDWR, 0);

Then when executing the HostCommand method we simply pass pty_fd as a mapping to stdin (0), stdout (1), and stderr (2).

On the Flatpak side, it will check if any of these file-descriptors are a tty (with the convenient isatty() function. If so, it performs the necessary ioctl() to make our spawned process the controller of the pty. Lovely!

So now we have a terminal, whose process is running on the host, using a pty from inside our Flatpak.